Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Wildcard in Sql Server Select

the LIKE operator allows us to perform basic pattern-matching using wildcard characters. For Microsoft SQL Server, the wildcard characters are defined as follows:

Wildcard Description
_ (underscore) matches any single character
% matches a string of one or more characters
[ ] matches any single character within the specified range (e.g. [a-f]) or set (e.g. [abcdef]).
[^] matches any single character not within the specified range (e.g. [^a-f]) or set (e.g. [^abcdef]).

A few examples should help clarify these rules.

  • WHERE FirstName LIKE '_im' finds all three-letter first names that end with 'im' (e.g. Jim, Tim).
  • WHERE LastName LIKE '%stein' finds all employees whose last name ends with 'stein'
  • WHERE LastName LIKE '%stein%' finds all employees whose last name includes 'stein' anywhere in the name.
  • WHERE FirstName LIKE '[JT]im' finds three-letter first names that end with 'im' and begin with either 'J' or 'T' (that is, only Jim and Tim)
  • WHERE LastName LIKE 'm[^c]%' finds all last names beginning with 'm' where the following (second) letter is not 'c'.

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